Dandruff
Dandruff is a common scalp condition characterized by the shedding of excessive amounts of dead skin cells. It can result in white flakes in your hair and on your shoulders, along with scalp itching. Though it can be embarrassing and sometimes difficult to treat, dandruff isn't usually a sign of a severe health problem.
Dandruff can be caused by several factors, including dry skin, sensitivity to hair care products (contact dermatitis), and a yeast-like fungus (malassezia) that feeds on the oils present on the scalps of most adults. Some other conditions like psoriasis or eczema can also cause a flaky scalp, but these are generally associated with larger and more irregular flakes than the common dandruff.
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What are the common symptoms of dandruff?
Common symptoms include white, oily flakes of dead skin in your hair and on your shoulders and an itchy, scaly scalp. These symptoms may worsen during the fall and winter when indoor heating can contribute to dry skin, and they may improve during the summer.
What causes dandruff?
Several factors can contribute to dandruff, including dry skin, sensitivity to hair products (contact dermatitis), other skin conditions like psoriasis or eczema, and a yeast-like fungus called malassezia.
How is dandruff diagnosed?
Dandruff is generally diagnosed based on physical examination. The doctor can usually identify the flakes and inflammation characteristic of dandruff by looking at your scalp and hair. If the condition doesn't respond to over-the-counter dandruff shampoos and treatments, a dermatologist may take a skin sample (scalp biopsy) to rule out conditions like psoriasis.
How is dandruff treated?
Dandruff can often be controlled with regular use of over-the-counter dandruff shampoos that contain certain ingredients, like zinc pyrithione, which targets fungus and bacteria; ketoconazole, which also fights fungus; coal tar and selenium sulfide, which slow the growth and die-off of skin cells on your scalp; and salicylic acid, which helps eliminate scale. If over-the-counter shampoos aren't helping, your doctor may prescribe a stronger shampoo or scalp lotion.
Can dandruff be prevented?
While dandruff can't always be prevented, you can often reduce its flaking and itching. Try to manage stress, eat a healthy diet, get enough sunlight, and avoid the use of harsh hair products which can irritate your scalp. Washing your hair regularly with a gentle shampoo can help reduce oiliness and skin cell buildup.
When should I see a doctor for dandruff?
If over-the-counter dandruff shampoos aren't helping, or if your scalp becomes red or swollen, see a doctor or dermatologist. You may have a more serious condition that requires a prescription-strength shampoo or treatment.
Can dandruff lead to hair loss?
Dandruff itself does not cause hair loss, but the itchiness it often causes can lead to scratching. This can injure your hair follicles, leading to some hair loss. This is usually temporary and resolves once the dandruff is treated.
What lifestyle changes can help manage dandruff?
Certain lifestyle changes can help manage dandruff, such as managing stress, reducing the use of hairstyling products, eating a healthy diet with enough zinc, vitamin B, and certain types of fats which may help reduce dandruff.
How does the weather affect dandruff?
Dandruff may worsen in dry and cold weather conditions, where indoor heating can contribute to dry skin. It often improves in the summer months.
Can I use hair styling products if I have dandruff?
Using too many hairstyling products can cause a buildup on your scalp, leading to dandruff. Some hair styling products may also contain ingredients that can irritate the scalp. If you're dealing with dandruff., it might be best to limit or avoid these products.
Are certain people more prone to getting dandruff?
Yes, certain factors can make you more susceptible to dandruff. These include having an oily scalp, not shampooing often enough, a diet lacking certain types of vitamins, stress, age (dandruff is most common in young adulthood and middle age), and being male (men have larger oil-producing glands on their scalps, which can contribute to dandruff).
Is dandruff contagious?
No, dandruff is not contagious. You can't catch it from or give it to other people.
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