Lambda Light Chain Free in serum refers to a diagnostic test that measures the levels of free lambda light chains in the blood. Light chains are proteins produced by immune cells called B lymphocytes. They are part of antibodies, which are used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as bacteria and viruses. Normally, light chains combine with heavy chains to form antibodies. However, some light chains are not bound to heavy chains and are therefore termed as “free” light chains. Among the free light chains, there are two types, namely kappa and lambda.
In certain medical conditions, such as multiple myeloma, light chain levels may be abnormally high. Multiple myeloma is a type of blood cancer that affects the plasma cells, a type of white blood cell that makes antibodies. In this cancer, the plasma cells become abnormal and start producing a large number of monoclonal light chains, either kappa or lambda. These can accumulate in the blood and sometimes cause damage to the kidneys.
Test NameLambda Light Chain Free - Serum
Sample TypeSerum
Preparations RequiredNo special preparation is needed before the test.
Report Time4 hours
Why is the Lambda Light Chain Free test done?
The Lambda Light Chain Free test is often done to help diagnose and monitor conditions such as multiple myeloma and other disorders related to plasma cells. It is also useful in assessing the risk of progression from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) to multiple myeloma.
What do the results of Lambda Light Chain Free in serum mean?
An increased level of lambda light chains could be indicative of a plasma cell disorder such as multiple myeloma or MGUS. However, it’s important to consider this result in the context of other laboratory tests and clinical information.
Home Sample Collection Process
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Sample Collection by Phlebotomist
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Reporting of the sample at lab
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Frequently Asked Questions
A blood sample is taken from a vein in the arm. This sample is sent to the laboratory where the level of lambda light chains is measured.
No, fasting is not required for the Lambda Light Chain Free test.
This test is a standard blood draw and has minimal risks, such as slight pain or bruising at the site where the needle was inserted.
Antibodies are made up of two heavy chains and two light chains. The light chains can be of two types, kappa or lambda. Light chains are part of the structure of antibodies and help in binding to antigens.
Yes, the levels of Lambda Light Chains can vary in healthy individuals, but typically remain within a normal range.
The ratio of kappa to lambda free light chains, known as the Kappa/Lambda ratio, is often used as an indicator of plasma cell disorders. An abnormal ratio may suggest the presence of a monoclonal plasma cell population, which is seen in conditions like multiple myeloma.
The treatment depends on the underlying cause of the abnormal levels. In cases of multiple myeloma, treatment might include chemotherapy, stem cell transplant, or other medications.
MGUS is a condition in which an abnormal protein (M protein), produced by plasma cells, is present in the blood. It does not usually cause problems but can precede cancers like multiple myeloma. Monitoring Lambda Light Chain levels is part of evaluating the risk of progression from MGUS to multiple myeloma.
Dehydration, certain medications, and kidney function can affect the levels of lambda light chains.
Yes, this test can be taken during pregnancy if recommended by a doctor.
No, high levels of lambda light chains can also be due to other causes such as kidney disease or autoimmune disorders. Further tests are needed for a definite diagnosis.
If you have abnormal Lambda Light Chain levels, it is advisable to consult a hematologist or oncologist.
Yes, this test is often done as a follow-up to serum protein electrophoresis or immunofixation electrophoresis when a monoclonal protein is detected. This Lambda Light Chain Free - Serum test is a crucial diagnostic tool that helps in the early detection and monitoring of plasma cell disorders like multiple myeloma.
Understanding your results and the importance of this test is essential in managing your health. If you have any concerns or questions regarding the test, do not hesitate to discuss them with your doctor.
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