CD31, also known as platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PECAM1 gene. CD31 is normally found on endothelial cells (the cells lining the inside of blood vessels), platelets, certain types of immune cells, and cells involved in the immune response. In the medical field, the CD31 antigen is used as a marker for endothelial cells, making it useful in the identification of angiosarcomas and other tumors of vascular origin.
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a laboratory procedure that uses antibodies to check for certain antigens (markers) in a sample of tissue. The process of staining these antigens allows pathologists to visualize and determine the presence and distribution of the specific protein, in this case, CD31. The IHC - CD31 test can provide valuable insights into disease mechanisms, contributing to the diagnosis and management of various medical conditions.
The IHC - CD31 test may be ordered by your doctor if a tumor's origin is uncertain. It helps differentiate between vascular and non-vascular tumors, as CD31 is a marker typically found on the surface of cells that line blood vessels.
The test involves staining a tissue sample with specific antibodies that bind to the CD31 antigen. If CD31 is present in the sample, it will bind to the antibody and create a visual marker that can be seen under a microscope.
A positive test result means that the cells tested show the presence of the CD31 antigen. This is often an indication of a tumor of vascular origin, such as an angiosarcoma.
The IHC - CD31 test is performed on a tissue sample, so the risks are mainly related to the tissue collection procedure, which might include infection, bleeding, or other complications. The test itself does not pose any direct risks to the patient.
Your doctor may order other IHC tests, or other types of tests such as a biopsy or imaging tests, to confirm a diagnosis or to gather more information about the tumor.
The quality of the tissue sample and the specifics of how the test is performed can influence the results. It's also possible for certain medications or other medical conditions to affect the test results.
No special preparations are required before the IHC - CD31 test. You can eat and drink normally unless your doctor gives you other instructions.
The time it takes to get the results can vary depending on the laboratory. Typically, you can expect results within 3-5 days.
A9: Yes, the IHC - CD31 test can be performed during pregnancy and while breastfeeding. However, it's always important to let your healthcare provider know about your condition.
If your results are abnormal, it’s essential to discuss them with your healthcare provider. They can provide interpretation in the context of your symptoms, medical history, and other test results, and guide you on the next steps for diagnosis or treatment. The IHC - CD31 test is a valuable tool in the identification of angiosarcomas and other tumors of vascular origin. Its results should always be interpreted in context with other clinical findings and diagnostic tests. If you have any concerns or questions about your test results, be sure to discuss them with your healthcare provider. They can provide the most accurate and relevant interpretation based on your individual health situation.
The IHC - CD31 test itself is not painful, but the procedure to collect the tissue sample may cause some discomfort. Your healthcare provider will take measures to minimize any pain or discomfort.
No, the IHC - CD31 test requires specialized equipment and should be performed in a laboratory setting by trained professionals.
Yes, aside from its clinical applications, the IHC - CD31 test is also used in research studies to understand the behavior of endothelial cells in various conditions.
Tumors of vascular origin, like angiosarcomas, hemangiosarcomas, and certain types of lymphomas, often test positive for CD31.
After getting your IHC - CD31 test, you should schedule a follow-up appointment with your healthcare provider to discuss the results and any necessary next steps.
The IHC - CD31 test is a reliable diagnostic tool when performed correctly. However, like all tests, its accuracy depends on various factors, such as the quality of the tissue sample and the specific laboratory procedures followed.
The IHC - CD31 test is primarily a diagnostic tool, but it can also be used to monitor the progress of certain treatments, particularly in cases of vascular tumors.
The IHC - CD31 test is a key tool in modern pathology and oncology, aiding in the detection and management of vascular tumors. While the procedure is quite technical, understanding the process can help demystify what happens in the lab after your sample is taken. Remember, if you have any further questions or concerns, don't hesitate to ask your healthcare provider. They are there to help guide you through your healthcare journey.