Breast and Ovarian Cancer

A blood or saliva sample is collected and sent to a laboratory for DNA analysis.

Positive results indicate the presence of a mutation in one or more of these genes, which suggests an increased risk for breast and ovarian cancer. Negative results mean that no mutations were detected, but it doesn’t completely rule out the risk of cancer.

BRCA1 and BRCA2 are genes that produce tumor-suppressing proteins. Mutations in these genes can lead to the development of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer.

Genes such as ATM, CHEK2, and PALB2, among others, are also involved in DNA repair. Mutations in these genes may compromise the body's ability to repair damaged DNA, which can lead to cancer.

Options include increased surveillance, chemoprevention, and prophylactic surgeries. Consulting a doctor for personalized recommendations is essential.

Yes, men can also carry these mutations and have an increased risk of certain cancers, including male breast cancer.

Yes, knowing your genetic risk may influence decisions regarding family planning and options for reducing the risk of passing on mutations to children.

Yes, learning about an increased genetic risk for cancer can be emotionally challenging. It is important to have psychological support and counseling to help process this information.

Lifestyle changes may reduce the risk of cancer but cannot change the genetic risk associated with mutations in these genes.

In some countries, there are laws that protect individuals from discrimination based on genetic information. It’s important to know the legal framework in your area.

Usually, this is a one-time test, as your genes do not change over time.

The testing is highly reliable but not 100% definitive, and there may be mutations that are not detectable with current technologies.

Consult your doctor who may refer you to a genetic counselor or oncologist to discuss the personalized risk management strategies.

Understanding your genetic risks associated with breast and ovarian cancer is crucial in taking proactive steps towards early detection and preventive measures. This understanding enables an individual and their healthcare team to develop personalized management plans that can significantly impact outcomes. While facing your genetic information can be challenging, it is also empowering, allowing you to take control of your health with the support of family, friends, and healthcare professionals.