Bone Mineral Density (BMD) is a measure of the amount of minerals, particularly calcium, contained in your bones. This measurement is an excellent indicator of your overall bone health and can provide vital information about your risk of bone fractures and conditions like osteoporosis. A BMD test is the primary test used to identify osteoporosis and assess an individual's risk for developing fractures.
The BMD test is a painless, non-invasive procedure that uses low levels of X-rays to measure the proportion of mineral in your bones. The test results are reported in two numbers: T-score and Z-score. The T-score is a comparison of a person's BMD with that of a healthy 30-year-old of the same sex, while the Z-score is a comparison of a person's BMD with that of an average person of the same age and sex.
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The primary purpose of a BMD test is to diagnose bone loss and osteoporosis, predict your chances of future bone fractures, and monitor the effects of treatment if you've been diagnosed with osteoporosis. It's also used to determine whether you have osteopenia, a less severe form of bone loss.